Waveform debug is reconstructing transaction intent from signals in timestamp order.
Annotate signals with transaction fields (ID, address, beat number).
Find the earliest observed deviation while allowing the causal dependency to begin outside the captured window.
Correlate waveform timestamp with VIP monitor and firmware log.
Practical debug skill used across every protocol in the course.
The response's legality and identity depend on the work actually accepted, not merely offered signals.