VIP architecture, scoreboards, compliance suites, assertions, coverage, waveform-first debug, and signoff-quality protocol closure.
Try the section checkpoint, then review the Q&A
Apply the core lessons in the Bus Integration Lab
Verification builds requirement-linked evidence across selected tests, properties, reference models and coverage; finite stressed traffic is not proof of every legal execution.
Illustrative review: repeated AXI IDs from two upstream ports collided in a scoreboard keyed only by ID. Adding source-port context fixed the checker; the DUT trace still had to be reviewed independently.