Assertions and scoreboards provide complementary, sometimes overlapping evidence when their scopes and assumptions are explicit.
Assertions: temporal rules on signals (valid/ready, protocol state).
Scoreboards: end-to-end request/response correlation.
A scoreboard correlation key must distinguish simultaneous operations; other correctness fields belong in the stored transaction context and checks.
Verification strategy for any protocol in the course.
No. It cannot distinguish their order, expected byte ranges and identities.
Predict the first checker failure — Read the sampled rules and queue trace, then inspect the runnable observers.
Map each requirement to evidence — Separate correctness, coverage, cancellation and observer capacity.
Check a reported mismatch — Distinguish DUT, monitor and expectation-model errors.
Explain the evidence boundary — State what the checker establishes and what remains unobserved.