Show overlapping completed write permissions, not just overlapping request offers. Request concurrency is legal; conflicting granted permissions are the safety issue.

Common trap: Giving a generic fix without identifying the boundary and unmet obligation in this example.

First validate the litmus: initial values, operation semantics, observation and named memory model must make the outcome forbidden. Then capture the involved addresses, initiating accesses, snoops, responses and state transitions. Locate the earliest observed divergence while keeping test, monitor, mapping, node and software-contract hypotheses open until a discriminator identifies the faulty boundary.

Common trap: Random microarch changes without a failing litmus test.