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Course contents

  • How to Use This Course
  • The NanoSoC Tour
  • Reading Path
  • SoC Glossary10
  • SoC Metrics Reference
  • SoC Cheatsheet
  • What SoC Integration Is12
  • Architecture and Budgets21
  • Memory Maps and Address Decode26
  • Interconnect and Bus Fabrics26
  • Clock and Reset Architecture24
  • Power Architecture21
  • Interrupts, DMA and Peripherals15
  • Memories, Boot and Security21
  • IP Integration and Handoff21
  • Top-Level Verification and Bring-up21
  • Package, Pads and I/O18
  • Chip Signoff and Tapeout18
  • SoC Interview Prep16
  • Capstone: Integrate NanoSoC19
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←SoC Design
  1. Topics
  2. SoC Design
  3. Reading Path
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    SoC DesignAll levels

    Reading Path

    Three ordered routes through the SoC Design course for a block owner becoming an integrator, an integrator and signoff lead, and an interview in two weeks, with a reason and an approximate time for every lesson.

    The course has about 280 lessons in fourteen sections, which is more than anyone needs for one goal. This page gives three routes. Each is an ordered table of real lessons with the reason to read it and an approximate time, so you can plan a week instead of guessing. Every route starts from the chip described in The NanoSoC Tour and assumes you have read How to Use This Course.

    How the times are built

    A lesson read once takes about 10 minutes. Lessons with a longer worked example or a program to run are listed at 12 or 15. Working every example, changing numbers and answering every check-yourself roughly doubles it: about 18 minutes a lesson. Multiplying by the lesson counts below gives the course totals quoted on the hub: about 45 hours to read, about 80 with the exercises. These are planning estimates for a reader who already knows RTL and timing basics, not measurements of learners. Treat them as the size of the job, and expect the first few lessons to run slower while the NanoSoC names settle.

    Section

    Lessons (approx.)

    Read once (hours, approx.)

    What SoC Integration Is

    12

    2.0

    Architecture and Budgets

    21

    3.5

    Memory Maps and Address Decode

    26

    4.5

    Interconnect and Bus Fabrics

    26

    4.3

    Clock and Reset Architecture

    24

    4.0

    Power Architecture

    21

    3.5

    Interrupts, DMA and Peripherals

    15

    2.5

    Memories, Boot and Security

    21

    3.5

    IP Integration and Handoff

    21

    3.5

    Top-Level Verification and Bring-up

    21

    3.5

    Package, Pads and I/O

    18

    3.0

    Chip Signoff and Tapeout

    18

    3.0

    Interview Prep

    16

    2.5

    Capstone: Integrate NanoSoC

    19

    3.2

    Core path

    Read these essential lessons in section order. All other lessons are optional depth or reference, except the capstone: its five entries are milestones, and each stage needs all three of its challenge lessons before proceeding. Plan roughly 7 to 9 hours for a first read of the 44 listed milestones; this is an editorial estimate, with additional time for the capstone investigation and runnable examples. Open Solutions only after writing your diagnoses and readiness statement.

    Section

    Essential lessons

    What SoC Integration Is

    What the Integrator Owns · Anatomy of a Handoff · Milestones, Deliverables and Freezes

    Architecture and Budgets

    Flat Versus Hierarchical · Link Table and Sustained Rates · Contracts with Owners

    Memory Maps and Address Decode

    What an Address Map Is · Decode from Address Bits · DECERR Versus SLVERR Versus PSLVERR

    Interconnect and Bus Fabrics

    Inside the AXI to APB Bridge · What Ordering the Integrator Owes · Round-Robin and Its Measured Cost

    Clock and Reset Architecture

    Choosing Domains and Ratios · The Ten Crossings · Release Order and Timing

    Power Architecture

    RUN, IDLE and SLEEP · Where the 114 Clamps Go · Enable Timing and the Safe Sequence

    Interrupts, DMA and Peripherals

    Levels, Polarity and Synchronisation · From DMA irq to CPU Entry · The Stream Bridge and Length Agreement

    Memories, Boot and Security

    The NanoSoC Boot Flow in Time · The AxPROT Partition · Macro Choice and Wrappers

    IP Integration and Handoff

    Connectivity Tables as the Source of Truth · The Acceptance Gate and Redelivery · Exceptions and Their Review

    Top-Level Verification and Bring-up

    Levels and What Only the Chip Can Show · Address-Map and Interrupt Wiring Checks · Reuse, Regression and Signoff Evidence

    Package, Pads and I/O

    Signal Versus Supply Pad Budget · Ball Assignment Rules · Pinout Review and Escape Routing

    Chip Signoff and Tapeout

    What Goes in the Manifest · Waiver Ageing · Go and No-Go

    Interview Prep

    The Four-Part Answer · NanoSoC as the Model Answer · Map, Bandwidth and Latency Drills

    Capstone: Integrate NanoSoC

    Requirements, Deliverables and Data · Map Table and Decoder Probes · Clock Plan and Crossing Inventory · DMA Programming Sequence and Driver Trace · Final Manifest Check and Readiness

    Route 1: block owner becoming an integrator

    You own one block today. This route takes the ideas a block owner is missing: that the map, the clocks, the resets and the wiring tables are your deliverables. It follows the chip in order and picks the one or two lessons per section that change how you think; read the rest of a section when a lesson leaves a question. About 4.1 hours as listed.

    Lesson

    Why you read it

    Minutes

    The NanoSoC Tour

    The one chip every later lesson uses: blocks, clocks, map, boot. Keep it open.

    30

    What the Integrator Owns

    Names the things you now answer for that a block owner never did.

    10

    Anatomy of a Handoff

    What arrives with a block and what you must ask for before you wire it.

    10

    Link Table and Sustained Rates

    The first budget a block owner never builds: peak against sustained rate per link.

    12

    What an Address Map Is

    The map is the contract between hardware, firmware and every test.

    10

    Holes, Aliases and Reserved Space

    Where the NanoSoC DMA alias comes from and why a hole is not a bug.

    10

    Decode from Address Bits

    How a window becomes a comparison on address bits.

    10

    DECERR Versus SLVERR Versus PSLVERR

    Three error answers, three different places in the chip that give them.

    10

    Inside the AXI to APB Bridge

    The bridge every slow register block sits behind.

    10

    IDs, Outstanding Counts and No WID

    The protocol rules that integration mistakes break first.

    10

    Phase-Related Versus Asynchronous Signoff

    Why clocks from one PLL are still signed off as asynchronous.

    10

    The Ten Crossings

    The crossing inventory: nothing multi-bit crosses without a handshake or FIFO.

    12

    Release Order and Timing

    Slaves and fabric first, CPU last, with the numbers.

    12

    Enable Timing and the Safe Sequence

    Isolation before reset before power off.

    12

    Levels, Polarity and Synchronisation

    Level, polarity and the two flops on every controller input.

    10

    The Stream Bridge and Length Agreement

    The two LEN registers that must agree, and what happens when they do not.

    12

    The NanoSoC Boot Flow in Time

    Boot as a timeline: where 12.581 ms goes.

    12

    Connectivity Tables as the Source of Truth

    Wiring written as a table you can check by machine.

    10

    Address-Map and Interrupt Wiring Checks

    Turn the map and the interrupt table into tests.

    10

    What May Be Waived

    Which violations may be excused, and who decides.

    10

    Requirements, Deliverables and Data

    Start the capstone: it spends everything above.

    15

    After the capstone brief, return to any section whose lesson felt thin and read its topic hubs in order. The route is a spine, not the whole body.

    Route 2: integrator and signoff lead

    You already assemble subsystems. This route concentrates on contracts, governance, handoff gates, the evidence behind a signoff and the decisions around the readiness review. It assumes the block-owner route, or equivalent experience, for maps, fabric, clocks, resets and power. About 4.0 hours as listed.

    Lesson

    Why you read it

    Minutes

    The NanoSoC Tour

    The shared reference chip. Skim if you know it.

    20

    Interfaces as Contracts

    An interface is only as good as the written contract behind it.

    10

    RACI and Change Control

    Who decides, who is consulted, and how a change travels.

    10

    Contracts with Owners

    A budget with no owner is a wish.

    10

    Margin Burn-Down

    How margin is spent over the schedule and when to stop it.

    10

    Reviewing Generated Output

    What you still review when the top is generated.

    10

    Where the Filter Lives

    Which layer enforces which access rule.

    10

    How Deadlock Happens at SoC Level

    The cyclic-wait patterns you must rule out.

    12

    Crossing Review Checklist

    The review you will run on every crossing.

    10

    The Acceptance Gate and Redelivery

    The gate a delivery passes before it enters the top.

    10

    Exceptions and Their Review

    Every exception is a claim about the design: review it as one.

    10

    Levels and What Only the Chip Can Show

    What block-level verification cannot see.

    10

    Reuse, Regression and Signoff Evidence

    Evidence that survives a baseline change.

    10

    Pinout Review and Escape Routing

    The review that locks the package interface.

    10

    What Goes in the Manifest

    The list of evidence the chip is judged on.

    10

    Freezing a Baseline

    What a frozen baseline contains and what it forbids.

    10

    Waiver Ageing

    Every excuse carries a clock.

    10

    Evidence per Owner

    What each owner must bring to the review.

    10

    Go and No-Go

    How the decision is taken and recorded.

    10

    Last-Week Surprises

    What tends to appear when the baseline is already frozen.

    10

    From Bug to Erratum

    What happens to a bug that escapes.

    10

    Final Manifest Check and Readiness

    Close the loop: check a manifest and call readiness.

    15

    Route 3: interview in two weeks

    Fourteen days, about 6.8 hours in total, so a little under an hour a day. Each day pairs the lessons that teach a subject with the interview-prep page that tests it. Say the answers aloud: an answer you only read is not yet an answer. If you have less time, keep days 1, 5, 6, 11 and 13.

    Day

    Lesson

    Why you read it

    Minutes

    Day 1

    The NanoSoC Tour

    Learn the chip you will draw from memory.

    30

    Day 1

    The Four-Part Answer

    The answer shape the later days reuse.

    10

    Day 1

    The Rubric, the Probes and the Quick Drawings

    What an interviewer probes and the drawings that answer it.

    10

    Day 2

    What an Address Map Is

    Maps are the most common opening question.

    10

    Day 2

    DECERR Versus SLVERR Versus PSLVERR

    Be exact about which layer answers with which code.

    10

    Day 3

    IDs, Outstanding Counts and No WID

    The protocol facts interviewers use to separate levels.

    10

    Day 3

    The 4 KB Rule and Burst Splitting

    A classic integration question with a clean answer.

    10

    Day 4

    Link Table and Sustained Rates

    Peak against sustained, per link.

    12

    Day 4

    Map, Bandwidth and Latency Drills

    Practise the arithmetic aloud.

    25

    Day 5

    The Ten Crossings

    Name each crossing and its mechanism.

    12

    Day 5

    Release Order and Timing

    Release order with the NanoSoC numbers.

    12

    Day 5

    Reset, Clock, Interrupt and Pad Drills

    Reset, clock, interrupt and pad arithmetic.

    25

    Day 6

    RUN, IDLE and SLEEP

    The three states and what each keeps.

    10

    Day 6

    Enable Timing and the Safe Sequence

    The sequence answer: isolate, reset, power off.

    12

    Day 6

    Power, Queue and MTBF Drills

    Power, queue and synchroniser arithmetic.

    25

    Day 7

    From DMA irq to CPU Entry

    Trace one interrupt end to end.

    12

    Day 7

    The Stream Bridge and Length Agreement

    A favourite whiteboard bug.

    12

    Day 7

    The NanoSoC Boot Flow in Time

    Boot as a timeline with shares.

    12

    Day 8

    The AxPROT Partition

    The security partition and where it is enforced.

    10

    Day 9

    Anatomy of a Handoff

    What you demand from a block owner.

    10

    Day 9

    Connectivity Tables as the Source of Truth

    Connectivity as data.

    10

    Day 10

    Signal Versus Supply Pad Budget

    Pad counts as arithmetic.

    10

    Day 10

    Simultaneous Switching Noise Estimation

    Estimate switching noise and size the supply pads.

    12

    Day 10

    What May Be Waived

    Waivers: what, who, how long.

    10

    Day 11

    Requirements to a Timed Plan

    Time-box the open design question.

    12

    Day 11

    NanoSoC as the Model Answer

    Compare your drawing with a model.

    15

    Day 12

    Variations: Bandwidth, a Second DMA, a Secure Partition

    Handle the three usual follow-ups.

    12

    Day 13

    The Integration Storm

    Debug several failures that arrive together.

    15

    Day 13

    The Budget War

    Defend a number under pressure.

    15

    Day 14

    Integration Test Plan Catching All Ten

    Review all ten planted bugs and what catches each.

    15

    Do not memorise the NanoSoC numbers as if they were typical of real chips. They are teaching values chosen so the arithmetic is checkable. What an interviewer wants is the method: the formula, the units and which clock or link limits the answer.

    Check yourself You have three days, not two weeks. What do you keep from route 3 and what do you give up?

    Keep the whiteboard framework and the numeric drills, since they train the method, plus one subject day each on maps, clocks and resets, and power. Give up the section rapid-fire pages and the scenario days, which reward breadth you cannot build in three days.

    Related topics

    • Up: course hub

    • How to Use This Course

    • Glossary

    • Cheatsheet

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    See also

    • How to Use This Course
    • SoC Metrics Reference
    • SoC Cheatsheet