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Course contents

  • Start Here5
    • Who This Course Is For
    • How the Lessons and Examples Work
    • Words You Will Meet
    • The Testbench Picture
    • The PacketFIFO Project
  • SystemVerilog Language Foundations28
  • Object-Oriented SystemVerilog for Verification30
  • Constraint Randomization — Interview-Critical Deep Dive39
  • SystemVerilog Assertions — Interview-Critical Deep Dive41
  • Functional Coverage in SystemVerilog25
  • Testbench Architecture in SystemVerilog24
  • Advanced Language & Integration26
  • Senior & Interview Preparation23
  • Principal-Level Verification34
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←Start Here
  1. Topics
  2. SystemVerilog
  3. Start Here
  4. Who This Course Is For
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    Part 0/Start HereBeginner

    Who This Course Is For

    The Verilog you need before starting, a two-minute readiness check, and six paths through the course, each with a choose-this-if row and a lesson list.

    SystemVerilog for verification sits on top of Verilog. Starting without the Verilog basics turns every example into two puzzles at once, the language and the idea.

    After this lesson you can: say whether you are ready for Part 1, and choose the path through the course that fits what you already know.

    What you need first

    The course assumes you can read basic Verilog. You do not need to know any SystemVerilog, classes or verification yet.

    You should be able to read

    Example

    A module with inputs and outputs

    module count4 (input wire clk, ...);

    Continuous assignment

    assign y = a & b;

    A clocked always block with reset

    always @(posedge clk) if (rst) q <= 0;

    if, case and nonblocking assignment

    q <= q + 4'd1;

    Vectors and widths

    reg [3:0] q; holds 0 to 15

    If any row is new, take RTL Foundations first. It teaches exactly these, and it uses the same kind of runnable examples.

    A two-minute readiness check

    Read the counter and its testbench below. The testbench drives the inputs, waits for clock edges, and checks the output twice.

    count4.v
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    module count4 (
      input  wire       clk,
      input  wire       rst,
      input  wire       en,
      output reg  [3:0] q
    );
      always @(posedge clk)
        if (rst)     q <= 4'd0;
        else if (en) q <= q + 4'd1;
    endmodule
    
    module tb_count4;
      reg clk = 0, rst = 1, en = 0;
      wire [3:0] q;
      integer errors = 0;
      count4 dut (.clk(clk), .rst(rst), .en(en), .q(q));
      always #5 clk = ~clk;
      initial begin
        @(negedge clk) rst = 0;
        @(negedge clk) en = 1;
        repeat (3) @(negedge clk);
        if (q !== 4'd3) errors = errors + 1;   // first check
        en = 0;
        repeat (2) @(negedge clk);
        if (q !== 4'd3) errors = errors + 1;   // second check
        if (errors == 0) $display("PASS: count4 counted 3 enabled edges and held while disabled");
        else $fatal(1, "FAIL: count4 ended at %0d", q);
        $finish;
      end
    endmodule
    Terminal
    PASS: count4 counted 3 enabled edges and held while disabled
    Predict first What value does q hold at the first check, and why is the second check still 3?

    3 at both checks. After en goes to 1, three rising edges arrive before the first check, and each adds 1. Then en is 0, so the next two edges leave q alone.

    This is the output the simulator printed:

    Terminal
    PASS: count4 counted 3 enabled edges and held while disabled

    If you could follow the timing and got 3 before revealing the answer, you are ready. If negedge, repeat or !== was unclear, the first lessons of Part 1 cover the SystemVerilog parts, and RTL Foundations covers the Verilog parts.

    Pick a path

    Choose the row that matches your goal. Each path lists real lessons, in the order to read them. You can switch paths later: every lesson stands on its own.

    Path

    Choose this if

    Parts

    Core SystemVerilog

    You write RTL or simple testbenches and want the language itself, not a full verification flow.

    1 and 2, then 3

    Verification Engineer

    Your job is to build and sign off testbenches.

    1 to 7

    SVA and Coverage

    You mainly write assertions and coverage models, for simulation or formal.

    4 and 5, plus a few Foundations lessons

    UVM Preparation

    You will learn UVM next and want its building blocks first.

    1 to 6, then the bridge to UVM

    Senior / Interview

    You already verify and are preparing for senior interviews or reviews.

    8, with drills for revision

    Principal / Advanced

    You lead verification and want depth, judgment and a large capstone.

    9

    Core SystemVerilog

    • Part 1 · Language Foundations: data types, operators, procedural code, arrays, interfaces, packages

    • Part 2 · Object-Oriented SystemVerilog: classes, handles, inheritance, virtual interfaces

    • Part 3 · Randomization: rand, constraints, seeding

    Verification Engineer

    • Parts 1 to 3 as above.

    • Part 4 · Assertions and Part 5 · Functional Coverage

    • Part 6 · Advanced Language and Integration: bind, plusargs, races, DPI-C

    • Part 7 · Testbench Architecture: generator, driver, monitor, scoreboard, regression

    SVA and Coverage

    • Prerequisites: 4-State vs 2-State Types, Equality, Case Equality and Wildcards, always_comb, always_ff, always_latch and The Event Scheduler and Stratified Regions

    • Part 4 · Assertions

    • Part 5 · Functional Coverage, after Enums, Structs and Unions

    UVM Preparation

    • Parts 1 to 6: Foundations, OOP, Randomization, Assertions, Coverage, Advanced

    • From Hand-Built TB to UVM: concept mapping, what UVM automates, migration strategy

    • Then the UVM course.

    Senior / Interview

    • Part 8 · Senior and Interview Preparation: debug playbook, code review, verification strategy, capstone FIFO

    • Revision drills: Interview Q&A Bank. Dip back into a part when a question exposes a gap.

    Principal / Advanced

    • Part 9 · Principal-Level Verification: assertion depth, coverage modelling, reusable architecture, out-of-order checking, judgment, capstone

    • Assumes the Senior path or equivalent experience.

    Every lesson stands on its own. Lessons only use ideas taught earlier in the course, and when one needs a word from later, it says what the word means in one line.

    Check yourself Why does the testbench check q !== 4'd3 and not q != 4'd3?

    !== also treats an unknown X as different. If q were never reset it would read X, and != would give X, which an if treats as false: the check would silently pass. Part 1 explains X and these operators.

    • You need to read Verilog modules, assign, clocked always blocks and vectors; nothing else.

    • RTL Foundations teaches exactly those, with the same kind of runnable examples.

    • Every lesson stands alone and only uses ideas taught before it.

    Rule of thumb: if the readiness check felt easy, start Part 1; if not, spend a day in RTL Foundations first.

    How this was checked

    Run with Icarus Verilog 13 (iverilog -g2012) and Verilator 5.048 (--binary --timing) on 2026-10-18; both printed the PASS line shown, with no warnings.

    The readiness check proves the counter for this one input sequence only; it is a reading exercise, not a full verification.

    Related topics

    • Next: How the Lessons and Examples Work

    • RTL Foundations

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    See also

    • Words You Will Meet
    • The Testbench Picture
    • The PacketFIFO Project