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Course contents

  • Start Here5
  • SystemVerilog Language Foundations28
  • Object-Oriented SystemVerilog for Verification30
    • Classes, Objects & Handles
      • Class Declaration & Objects
      • Handles vs Objects
      • Constructors & super.new()
      • Shallow vs Deep Copy
      • this, Scope & Nested Classes
    • Inheritance and Polymorphism
    • Static, Encapsulation & Parameterized Classes
    • Virtual Interfaces: the Class-to-Pins Bridge
    • Events, Semaphores, Mailboxes and Processes
    • OOP Patterns for Testbenches
  • Constraint Randomization — Interview-Critical Deep Dive39
  • SystemVerilog Assertions — Interview-Critical Deep Dive41
  • Functional Coverage in SystemVerilog25
  • Testbench Architecture in SystemVerilog24
  • Advanced Language & Integration26
  • Senior & Interview Preparation23
  • Principal-Level Verification34
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←Object-Oriented SystemVerilog for Verification
  1. Topics
  2. SystemVerilog
  3. Object-Oriented SystemVerilog for Verification
  4. Classes, Objects & Handles

Part 2 of 9Part 2 of 9/OOP for VerificationIntermediate

Classes, Objects & Handles

Classes, objects and handles: the memory model behind every class-based testbench.

  • 5topics
  • 5lessons

A class is a blueprint. Calling new builds an object on the heap, and a handle is the only way to reach it.

The class is code, the object is memory built at run time, and the handle is the variable that points at it.

Idea

What it is

Where it lives

Class

A type definition: properties plus methods

Compiled code, no memory

Object

One runtime instance built by new

Simulator heap

Handle

A reference variable pointing at an object, or null

Any variable of a class type

Lesson

Content

Path

Class Declaration & Objects

Transaction objects with new, and the construction flow.

Required

Handles vs Objects

Aliasing checks, null guards, and reachability.

Required

Constructors & super.new()

Argument forwarding through an inheritance chain.

Required

Shallow vs Deep Copy

Independent snapshots for scoreboards.

Required

this, Scope & Nested Classes

Name resolution and forward declarations.

Recommended

Path labels. Required means core first pass for this topic, Recommended means most learners should read it, and Optional means reference, specialist or revision material you can return to later.

Check yourself A handle points at object A. It is assigned a new object B, and no other reference to A exists. What happens to A?

Nothing immediate happens to A. The handle now points at B. A becomes unreachable, so the simulator may reclaim it. Reclamation timing is implementation-dependent.

This topic answers three recurring interview prompts: handle versus object, what super.new does when omitted, and why every packet saved in a list showed the same values.

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See also

  • Inheritance and Polymorphism
  • Static, Encapsulation & Parameterized Classes
  • Virtual Interfaces: the Class-to-Pins Bridge