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Course contents

  • How to Use This Course
  • Reading Path
  • STA Glossary
  • STA Metrics Reference
  • STA Mastery Cheatsheet
  • Timing Paths and Checks16
  • Constraints & SDC Fundamentals20
  • Delay Graph & Path Analysis16
  • Beyond Setup and Hold16
  • Multi-Corner Multi-Mode Signoff16
  • OCV, AOCV, POCV and Variation16
  • Crosstalk and Noise16
  • ECO and Closure16
  • STA Debug Playbook16
  • STA Interview Prep26
    • STA Whiteboard Framework
    • STA Framework Drills
    • Scenario: MMMC Storm
      • The Scenario
      • Investigation
      • Root Cause and Fix
      • How to Narrate It
    • Scenario: ECO Under Pressure
    • Scenario: Constraint Ghost
    • STA Interview Q&A Bank
    • STA Interview Q&A Bank (Expanded)
  • Capstone Timing Signoff Lab4
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←Scenario: MMMC Storm
  1. Topics
  2. Static Timing Analysis
  3. STA Interview Prep
  4. Scenario: MMMC Storm
  5. The Scenario
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    Part 10 of 11, lesson 8 of 26Part 10 of 11/Interview Prep/Lesson 8 of 26All levels

    The Scenario

    Nine days to tape-out: a low-voltage mode joins the matrix, the overnight run fails 2,400 setup endpoints in one scenario, and the other 19 are clean.

    The situation

    A block was signed off in 12 scenarios. A low-voltage power mode is added late and the matrix grows to 20. The overnight run reports 2,400 setup violations with a worst slack of -0.082 ns, all in one scenario, lowv_ss_cold_cworst. The other 19 scenarios, including lowv_ss_hot_cworst, are clean. Tape-out is nine days away. The team's first instinct is to suspect the new scenario's constraints.

    Scenario (setup)

    WNS (ns)

    Violating endpoints

    func_ss_hot_cworst

    +0.031

    0

    func_ss_cold_cworst

    +0.044

    0

    lowv_ss_hot_cworst

    +0.056

    0

    lowv_ss_cold_cworst

    -0.082

    2,400

    16 other scenarios

    all positive

    0

    Questions to ask before touching anything

    • Which attributes do the failing scenarios share? Here: one mode and one temperature.

    • Is the failure uniform across endpoints, or concentrated? The report suggests broad: 2,400 endpoints.

    • What changed since the last clean run: the mode, the matrix, the libraries? The new mode and a new scenario.

    • Is the failing scenario a new kind of condition or a repeat of something already covered?

    example.py
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    scenarios = {"func_ss_hot": 0.031, "func_ss_cold": 0.044, "lowv_ss_hot": 0.056, "lowv_ss_cold": -0.082}
    failing = [s for s, w in scenarios.items() if w < 0]
    assert failing == ["lowv_ss_cold"]
    mode, pvt = failing[0].split("_", 1)[0], failing[0].split("_", 1)[1]
    attrs = {s: s.split("_") for s in scenarios}
    shared_mode = {a[0] for s, a in attrs.items() if s in failing}
    other_cold = [s for s in scenarios if s.endswith("cold") and s not in failing]
    assert shared_mode == {"lowv"} and other_cold == ["func_ss_cold"]
    print("PASS: failing", failing, "; the other cold scenario passes:", other_cold, "; the other lowv scenario passes:", [s for s in scenarios if s.startswith("lowv") and s not in failing])

    Only the combination of the low-voltage mode and cold fails. The functional mode is fine when cold, and the low-voltage mode is fine when hot. Neither the mode alone nor the temperature alone explains it, which already rules out a broken mode constraint file (it would fail hot too) and a general cold-corner problem (the functional mode passes cold). Something about low voltage and cold together is the lead.

    Starting at the 2,400 endpoints. The scenario table already narrows the cause to a two-attribute interaction.

    Say what the table rules out before proposing a cause.

    Check yourself What does it tell you that lowv_ss_hot passes?

    The low-voltage mode's constraints and netlist behave in at least one slow condition, so the fault is in what cold does at low voltage, not in the mode's constraints.

    Related topics

    • Next: Investigation

    • Symptoms to Views

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    See also

    • Root Cause and Fix
    • How to Narrate It